Thevenin and norton theorem solved problems pdf file

The problem is, when youre designing a dc power network youll have a load whose value will change as your design process unfolds. Ee 188 practice problems for exam 2, spring 2009 5. The nortons theorems reduce the networks equivalent to the circuit having one current source, parallel resistance and load. Nortons theorem states that it is possible to simplify any linear circuit, no matter how complex, to an equivalent circuit with just a single current source and parallel resistance connected to a load. Application there are some applications of thevenins theorem in our daily lives.

Hi guys, im stuck with determining how will i solve this circuit using thevenins and nortons theorem. Thevenins theorem is very useful to reduce a network with several voltage sources and resistors to an equivalent circuit composed a single voltage source and a single resistance connected to a load only. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Any twoterminal network consisting of resistors, fixed voltagecurrent sources and linear dependent sources is externally equivalent to a circuit. Nortons theorem for linear electrical networks, known in. Ill excerpt and paraphrase this proof found in the appendix a. Thevenin theorem, thevenins theorem solution example. The thevenin and norton equivalent circuits are related by a source transformation. A source transformation is the process of replacing a voltage. Like thevenins theorem, it simplifies the circuit one needs to study and dramatically reduces potential calculation errors nortons theorem states that networks with voltage and current sources, as well as resistors are electrically equivalent to one single current source and one single resistor in parallel with the. A b 9v 6v since the batteries are in series aiding, then ee e rr r e r 1 1 1 11 1 2 2 96 5 525 5 25 volt v ohm amp.

Calculate the output voltage, v, when in open circuit condition no load resistormeaning infinite resistance. Find the norton equivalent circuit for the circuit given in problem 4. Network theorems thevenin s, superposition, maximum power transfer etc. This theorem is named thevenins theorem on the name of a scientist thevenin, he fist apply this theorem to the analysis of a circuit. Thevenins and nortons theorems in the context of dc voltage. I dont know how to calculate the norton resistance, since the dependent source 2u cannot be suppressed to calculate the resistance looking from the output. Nortons theorem states that a complex network connected to a load can be replaced with an equivalence. Thevenins theorem states that a linear twoterminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source vth in series with a. Circle t true or f false for each of these boolean equations. Thevenins theorem greatly simplifies analysis of complex circuits by allowing us to replace all of the elements with a combination of just one voltage source and one resistor. Anant agarwal and jeffrey lang, course materials for 6. The circuit has both independent and dependent sources. Nortons theorem maximum power transfer theorem supernode circuit analysis. It is a method for the reduction of a portion of a complex circuit into a simple one.

Thevenins theorem states that we can replace entire network by an equivalent circuit that. In these cases, we need to find open circuit voltage and short circuit current to determine nortons and also thevenins equivalent circuits. Oct 14, 2012 how to use a thevenin s equivalent circuit to solve a circuit with independent sources. Thevenins and nortons equivalent circuits and superposition. While solving these example we are assuming that you have knowledge of norton s theorem. Thevenin theorem and norton theorem physics forums. Thevenins theorem zany circuit with sources dependent andor independent and resistors can be replaced by an equivalent circuit containing a single voltage source and a single resistor. Thevenin and norton equivalents, maximum power transfer dr.

The relationship f x between cause x and effect y is linear if f. Superposition, thevenin and norton mit opencourseware. Group members name id ashaduzzaman kanon 1 15 2392 syed ashraful alam 123 15 2151 4. A voltage source with series r transforms to a current source with r in parallel. Easy step by step procedure with example pictorial. Nortons theorem maximum power transfer theorem supernode circuit analysis thevenin s theorem may be stated below. Assume r1 r2 10 ohms each, r3 5 ohms and the current source i s10 amps. What are the values of the thevenin equivalent voltage and resistance as seen from the vo port where the ground node is treated as the negative terminal. Thevenins theorem introduction thevenins equivalent circuit illustration of thevenins theorem formal presentation of thevenins theorem proof of thevenins theorem worked example 2 worked example 3 worked example 4 summary introduction thevenins theorem is a popular theorem, used often for analysis of electronic circuits. According to the thevenins theorem, any linear bilateral network irrespective of its complexities can be reduced into a thevenins equivalent circuit having the thevenins open circuit voltage vth in series with the thevenin equivalent resistance rth along with load resistance rl. Mustafa kemal uyguroglu thevenins theorem zany circuit with sources dependent andor independent and resistors can be replaced by an equivalent circuit containing a single voltage source and a.

Now, we will find the equivalent circuit for two terminal resistive circuit with sources. So each time the variable element is changed, the entire circuit has to be analyzed all over again. Network theorems thevenins, superposition, maximum power. Thevenins theorem and nortons theorem physics forums. A complex twoterminal circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source. Thevenins and nortons theorems academic resource center. Thevenins and nortons equivalent circuits solved problems.

Thevenin and norton equivalents equivalent networks thevenin equivalent thevenin properties determining thevenin complicated circuits norton equivalent power transfer source transformation source rearrangement series rearrangement summary e1. Any linear electrical network containing only voltage sources, current sources and resistances can be replaced at terminals ab by an equivalent combination of a voltage source v th in a series connection with a resistance r th the equivalent voltage v th is the. Easy step by step procedure with example pictorial views this is another useful theorem to analyze electric circuits like thevenins theorem, which reduces linear, active circuits and complex networks into a simple equivalent circuit. We have the circuit on the right, with a driving voltage us 5 v, and we want to know u and i. This shows a port of an arbitrary linear network represented by the white box connected to an arbitrary circuit, so that the quantities i and v. The thevenins equivalent impedance z th between the nodes p and q in the following circuit is. It doesnt matter what is attached to the port, the characteristic of the linear network is still a straight line. Thevenins theorem introduction thevenins theorem is a very important and useful theorem. From the circuit which is in the image, find the voltage across a 6ohm resistor using thevenins theorem and nortons theorem. Jun 14, 2011 can someone tells me what is purpose of using thevenin s and norton s theorem and what these theorems contribute to electrical engineerings field.

Just as with thevenins theorem, the qualification of linear is identical to that found in the superposition theorem. Norton equivalent circuits are discussed in section 5. Eagle academy eda how to how to calculate load current and voltage with thevenins theorem keep it simple. Aug 11, 2016 thevenins theorem is a direct consequence of the superposition theorem. The first theorem to be introduced is the superposition theorem, followed by thevenins theorem, nortons theorem, and the maximum power transfer theorem. Mustafa kemal uyguroglu thevenins theorem zany circuit with sources dependent andor independent and resistors can be replaced by an equivalent circuit containing a single voltage source and a single resistor. A pdf sheet of this problem with the solution and side space for notes can be downloaded below.

Nortons theorem especially useful in the study of parallel circuits. To verify the validity of my arguments above, i found a formal proof of thevenins theorem in one of my undergrad textbooks. Thevenins resistor and relating problems transformation between two theorems practice problems and solutions. Thevenins theorem is useful for solving the wheatstone bridge. Basic conceptsdc circuitsee questions answerselectric circuit analysishow to. A b 9v 6v since the batteries are in series aiding, then ee e rr r e r. In these cases, we need to find open circuit voltage and short circuit current to determine norton s and also thevenin s equivalent circuits. It reduces the need for repeated solutions of the same sets of equations. Photo of how to calculatefind the rating of transformer in kva single phase.

Steps for solving a network utilizing nortons theorem. To solvemaximum power transfer problems, we follow the following steps find the thevenin or norton equivalent circuit of the system where the load is connected. There are a variety of methods available to analyze complex electrical circuits, like mesh analysis, nodal analysis, or kirchhoffs circuit laws. The thevenin equivalent circuit involves three parameters. Circuit theorems this chapter provides a new powerful technique of solving complicated circuits that are more conceptual in nature than nodemesh analysis. Nortons theorem is a powerful tool for solving electrical circuits. What are the values of the thevenin equivalent voltage and resistance as seen from the vo port where the ground node is treated as the negative terminal of the port. Any linear electrical network containing only voltage sources, current sources and resistances can be replaced at terminals ab by an equivalent combination of a voltage source v th in a series connection with a resistance r th. Nortons theorem is the converse of thevenins theorem. It doesnt matter what is attached to the port, the characteristic of the linear. We have followed the convention that current leaving a node is positive. Thevenins theorem is especially useful in analyzing power systems and other circuits where one particular resistor in the circuit called the load resistor is subject to change, and recalculation of the circuit is necessary with each trial value of load resistance, to determine voltage across it and. Thevenins and nortons equivalent circuits and superposition theorem thevenins and nortons theorems thevenins theorem as far as its appearance from outside is concerned, any two terminal network of resistors and energy s ources can be replaced by a series combination of an ideal voltage source voc and a resistor r, where. Thevenins theorem is not by itself an analysis tool, but the basis for a very useful method of simplifying active circuits and complex networks because we can solve complex linear circuits and networks especially electronic networks easily and quickly.

It consists of the equivalent current source instead of an. Norton equivalent with dependent source electrical. Fundamentals of circuits, electronics, and signal analysis by kendall l. Worked examples, chapter 4 164 a a with the 10 resistor removed the circuit is as below. Oct 09, 20 find thevenin s and norton s equivalent circuits. In circuit theory, thevenins theorem for linear electrical networks states that any combination of voltage. Kirchho s laws 4 a v v 6 v 3 2 i 5 v 0 v i 0 5 r i 4 6 3 i 3 v 4 i 2 2 r 1 v 1 i 1 a b c e d kirchho s current law kcl. Thevenin equivalent circuit any twoterminal linear network, composed of. If the circuit is linear, the superposition theorem holds and, thus, any circuit voltage or current can be expressed as a sum of terms, each term involving one source and equal to the circuit voltage or current due to that source alone, i. How to use a thevenins equivalent circuit to solve a circuit with independent sources.

The statement of nortons theorem is as follows, nortons theorem is summarized graphically in fig. The superposition theorem is a very important concept used to analyze both dc and ac circuits. Find the values for thevenin and norton equivalent circuit with respect to the terminals a and b. Watch the last 3 mins of the videos to see how derive the thevenin equivalent for this problem really fast. Any linear electric network or complex circuit with current and voltage sources can be replaced by an equivalent circuit containing of a single independent voltage source vth and a series resistance rth.

Powerful pedagogical tools for treating special cases of electric circuits article pdf available in international journal of electrical engineering education 404. In fact, the application of each theorem to ac networks is very similar in content to that found in this chapter. Explain the advantage of thevenins theorem over conventional circuit. L thevenin, made one of these quantum leaps in 1893. Thevenin norton equivalents and maximum power transfer. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Norton equivalent is simply the source transformation of the thevenin equivalent. Chapter 5 nortons equivalent circuit a a circuit partitioned into two parts. Like thevenins theorem, it simplifies the circuit one needs to study and dramatically reduces potential calculation errors.

The circuit shown in figure 1b is the thevenin equivalent circuit of the. Thevenins and nortons theorems illinois institute of. Nortons theorem states that networks with voltage and current sources, as well as resistors are electrically equivalent to one single current source and one single resistor in parallel with the. Therefore, the norton equivalent circuit is a source transformation of the thevenin equivalent circuit. Nortons thereom is identical to thevenins theorem except that the. As originally stated in terms of dc resistive circuits only, thevenins theorem aka helmholtzthevenin theorem holds that. Conceptually, the method is fairly straightforward to write down, however, they are complicated to apply in practice. Oct 28, 2010 posted by yaz october 28, 2010 august 22, 2019 posted in electrical circuits problems, resistive circuits tags.